Most back pain can be treated without an operating room. My first job as a spine surgeon is to understand whether yours genuinely needs surgery — and to be honest with you when it doesn’t.

When surgery is the right answer, the goal is the same: do the least invasive thing that will solve the problem completely. Smaller incisions, less blood loss, faster recovery — backed by the precision of robotics, endoscopy and image guidance.

Every patient leaves with a plan they understand. That, more than anything else, is what international training taught me.